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Why in News? US Republican Senator Lindsey Graham announced that President Donald Trump has approved a proposed Russia Sanctions Bill that seeks to impose 500% tariffs on all goods and services imported from countries that continue buying Russian-origin oil, gas, uranium, and petroleum products. Why is the US sanctioning Russian oil?Reasons Status of India’s Oil […]

Why in News? The U.S. capture of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and Washington’s announcement that it will take control of Venezuela’s oil sector have sparked global debate. Analysts argue these actions reflect a new “Donroe Doctrine,” signalling an assertive U.S. claim to guardianship in the Western Hemisphere. This shift carries major implications for sovereignty, geopolitics, […]

Context of the News The Supreme Court of India denied bail in the 2020 Delhi riots case by relying on the wide definition of “terrorist act” under Section 15 of the UAPA. This has revived debate on the expanding scope of India’s anti-terror law. Background The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA) was enacted to […]

1. Why in News? The National Investigation Agency (NIA) reported over 92% conviction rate in 2025, along with major successes such as: 2. About the National Investigation Agency (NIA) 4. Legal Framework Governing NIA NIA Act, 2008 2019 Amendment (Key Points) 10. Importance of NIA for Internal Security Strengths Role in National Security 11. Challenges […]

Why in News? In September 2025, Donald Trump announced a 100% tariff on branded and patented pharmaceutical imports into the U.S.The decision has raised concerns for India’s pharmaceutical sector, which is deeply integrated with U.S. health-care supply chains. Importance of the U.S. Market for India The U.S. is India’s largest pharmaceutical export destination.India supplies about […]

Why in News The Government of Tamil Nadu has announced the establishment of India’s first Centre of Excellence for Hornbill Conservation at the Anamalai Tiger Reserve in the Western Ghats.This initiative reinforces Tamil Nadu’s position as a national leader in species-specific wildlife conservation. Location and Landscape Coverage Core Location Extended Conservation Landscape This landscape-level conservation […]

Why in News? Climate activist Sonam Wangchuk was detained under the National Security Act (NSA), 1980, a law that permits preventive detention to avert potential threats to public order or national security.He has been leading protests demanding statehood for Ladakh and Sixth Schedule protections, bringing renewed attention to the constitutional limits and misuse concerns surrounding […]

1.What Are Tribunals? 2. Why Tribunals Need Reform a) Excessive Executive Control b) Short and Uncertain Tenure c) Lack of Uniformity d) Vacancies & Delays e) Absence of a Dedicated Oversight Body f) Poor Infrastructure & Administrative Support 3. What the Tribunal Reforms Act, 2021 Attempted to Do The 2021 Act (and earlier 2021 Ordinance) […]

Background: India’s Oil Import Profile Evidence of a Long-Term Diversification Plan Interpretation:India is restoring balance by re-engaging with traditional suppliers (U.S., UAE, Saudi Arabia) and reducing overdependence on Russia. Why India is Cutting Russian Oil Imports India–Russia Energy Relationship: Strategic Dimensions Positive Aspects Emerging Challenges Balancing Strategy India maintains a multi-alignment approach: Impact of U.S. […]

  Why in NEWS? A new study in Nature Ecology & Evolution warns that India may be severely underreporting the cost of managing invasive alien species, with a discrepancy of 1.16 billion percent between estimated and reported management expenses. Concept Corner Core Highlights Recent Developments Practice Question Which among the following invasive alien species is […]