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1.What Are Tribunals? 2. Why Tribunals Need Reform a) Excessive Executive Control b) Short and Uncertain Tenure c) Lack of Uniformity d) Vacancies & Delays e) Absence of a Dedicated Oversight Body f) Poor Infrastructure & Administrative Support 3. What the Tribunal Reforms Act, 2021 Attempted to Do The 2021 Act (and earlier 2021 Ordinance) […]

Background: India’s Oil Import Profile Evidence of a Long-Term Diversification Plan Interpretation:India is restoring balance by re-engaging with traditional suppliers (U.S., UAE, Saudi Arabia) and reducing overdependence on Russia. Why India is Cutting Russian Oil Imports India–Russia Energy Relationship: Strategic Dimensions Positive Aspects Emerging Challenges Balancing Strategy India maintains a multi-alignment approach: Impact of U.S. […]

  Why in NEWS? A new study in Nature Ecology & Evolution warns that India may be severely underreporting the cost of managing invasive alien species, with a discrepancy of 1.16 billion percent between estimated and reported management expenses. Concept Corner Core Highlights Recent Developments Practice Question Which among the following invasive alien species is […]

Why in News? Frequent incidents of dog bites across Indian cities have reignited the debate between animal rights activists and public safety advocates, especially after recent court interventions. Key Terms Stray/Street Dogs – Dogs living in public spaces without ownership.ABC Programme – Animal Birth Control scheme for sterilisation and vaccination of stray dogs.Article 21 – […]

Why in News? The University Grants Commission (UGC) has released a draft Learning Outcomes-based Curriculum Framework (LOCF) for feedback. It integrates Indian knowledge systems into subjects like commerce, economics, chemistry, mathematics, and anthropology. Key Terms/Concepts Learning Outcomes-based Curriculum Framework (LOCF) Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) Bharatiya Philosophy in Commerce News Details Comparative Analysis: NEP vs LOCF […]

Why in News? Tribal Council of Little & Great Nicobar complained that the Andaman & Nicobar administration falsely claimed tribal forest rights under the Forest Rights Act (FRA) were settled, leading to clearances for the ₹72,000-crore Great Nicobar Project. Key Terms/Concepts Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 Protection of Aboriginal Tribes Act (PAT), 1956 Great Nicobar […]

Why in NEWS? Key Concepts for Clarity Artificial Intelligence in Judiciary AI Hallucination Search Engine Bias in Legal Research eCourts Project Phase III News Details Q: Why did the Kerala HC issue AI guidelines?A: To ensure AI enhances efficiency without undermining justice. The main reasons: Q: What are the key risks of AI in courts?A: […]

Why do women donate more organs but receive fewer transplants? News Trigger The National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) has issued a 10-point advisory prioritising women patients and relatives of deceased donors in organ allocation to address gender disparity in transplants. Concept Corner Keyword Explanation NOTTO Apex body under the Central Government regulating organ […]

Social Trigger Rising demand for aesthetic procedures in India has led to mushrooming of unregulated cosmetology clinics, many run by unqualified practitioners, risking patient lives and health. Economic Angle Ethical Concerns Enforcement & Legal Issues Institutional & Federal Role Future of Governance What should be done?

News Trigger The Group of Ministers (GoM) on Rate Rationalisation has approved the Centre’s proposal for a two-rate GST structure. The recommendation now awaits GST Council approval. Concept Corner Keyword Explanation GST (Goods and Services Tax) Indirect tax introduced in 2017 replacing multiple indirect taxes; a destination-based tax. GST Council Apex body (Union Finance Minister […]