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Why in NEWS Tuvalu will become the first nation to relocate its citizens abroad due to climate change, under the Falepili Union Treaty with Australia. Key Terms Key Term Explanation Falepili Union Treaty (2023) Agreement under which Australia will accept 280 Tuvaluans annually through a ballot-based “climate visa” starting 2025. Climate Visa Special visa granting […]

Why in NEWS NITI Aayog has presented India’s 3rd Voluntary National Review (VNR) Report on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the UN’s High-Level Political Forum (HLPF) under the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The report showcases India’s Whole-of-Government and Whole-of-Society approach to achieving the SDGs. India earlier presented VNRs in 2017 and 2020. Key […]

Why in NEWS With India’s carbon market set to launch in 2026, CO₂ removal technologies like biochar are emerging as vital tools for reducing emissions and driving sustainable growth. Key Terms and Concepts Term Explanation Biochar Carbon-rich charcoal made by pyrolyzing agricultural residue or organic waste, used for carbon sequestration and soil enhancement. Pyrolysis Thermal […]

Why in NEWS Evidence of human settlements dating back to around 1500 BC has been found at Topra Kalan village, Haryana, marking the transitional phase from the Indus Valley Civilization (Bronze Age: 3300–1300 BC) to the Iron Age in India (1500–600 BC). Key Terms and Concepts Term Explanation Painted Grey Ware (PGW) Grey pottery with […]

Why in NEWS The flash flood in Dharali village, Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, highlights the growing disaster threats from extreme weather events in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Key Terms and Concepts Term Explanation Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) The mountainous belt stretching across northern India, prone to natural disasters due to fragile geology and climate change impacts. […]

Why in NEWS? A recent study reveals that over 9% of Earth’s land is at high or very high risk for zoonotic diseases. It introduces an “epidemic risk index” that combines zoonotic risk and countries’ preparedness levels, guiding policymakers to identify vulnerable areas, improve response strategies, allocate resources efficiently, and strengthen global health cooperation. Key […]

Why in NEWS? The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change celebrated World Lion Day 2025 at Barda Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, highlighting efforts to conserve the Asiatic lion population, which has shown significant recovery in recent years. Key Terms and Concepts Term Explanation Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica) A smaller subspecies of lion found mainly […]

Why in News? The 2024 Annual Groundwater Quality Report by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) reveals widespread groundwater contamination across India. With over 600 million people relying on groundwater daily, the crisis poses severe public health risks alongside environmental damage. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation CGWB (Central Ground Water Board) Scientific body under […]

Why in NEWS The Indian judiciary is grappling with a backlog of over 5 crore cases across the Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts, severely affecting justice delivery, governance, and citizen trust. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation Judicial Pendency Accumulation of unresolved cases in courts over time. Judge-to-Population Ratio Number of judges per […]

Why in NEWS A Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance has recommended that the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) set up a dedicated ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) oversight body to tackle rising concerns over greenwashing. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) A framework for evaluating an organisation’s impact on the […]