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Why in NEWS Indian scientists have discovered that teak (Tectona grandis) leaf extract can serve as a natural optical limiter, protecting human eyes and optical sensors from high-intensity laser radiation using its nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Key Concepts and Definitions Term Explanation Optical Limiter A device that blocks or reduces laser intensity to prevent damage. […]

Why in NEWS Scientists have confirmed that a volcanic rock formation in Quebec’s Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt is 4.16 billion years old, making it the oldest-known intact rock on Earth, dating back to the Hadean eon, shortly after the Earth’s formation. Key Concepts and Definitions Term Explanation Hadean Eon Earliest period in Earth’s history (4.5–4.03 billion […]

Why in NEWS The Union Cabinet has approved the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme, a major component of the ₹2 lakh crore youth employment package announced in Union Budget 2024–25. With an outlay of ₹1 lakh crore, it will be implemented from August 2025 to July 2027, aiming to formalise and boost employment for India’s […]

Why in NEWS India has ramped up deportation and pushback efforts along its eastern border citing national security and evolving political situations in Bangladesh. However, rising instances of wrongful expulsions—especially of Indian citizens—have triggered serious concerns around legal safeguards, identity verification, and constitutional rights. Key Concepts and Definitions Term Explanation Deportation Formal legal removal of […]

Why in NEWS A fresh debate has emerged over the inclusion of the terms “Socialist” and “Secular” in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution, which were added during the Emergency via the 42nd Amendment Act (1976). Critics argue that these additions were made without wide democratic consultation and may not reflect India’s civilisational ethos. Key […]

Why in NEWS Scientists using digital fossil-mining techniques have discovered that squids dominated ancient oceans 30 million years earlier than previously believed. They identified at least 40 ancient squid species from the Cretaceous period (110–70 million years ago) in fossil concretions from Japan, reshaping the evolutionary timeline of cephalopods. Key Terms Explained Term Explanation Digital […]

Why in NEWS On 30th June, the Prime Minister paid tribute on Hul Diwas, marking the beginning of the Santhal Uprising (1855). The day honors the memory of tribal martyrs like Sido-Kanhu, Chand-Bhairav, Phulo-Jhano, and others who led a united revolt against British colonial exploitation and land alienation. Key Terms Explained Term Explanation Hul Diwas […]

Why in NEWS The Coast Guards of QUAD nations—India, Japan, the United States, and Australia—launched the ‘QUAD At Sea Ship Observer Mission’, in alignment with the Wilmington Declaration (2024), adopted at the 6th QUAD Summit held in Delaware, USA. This marks a significant step in enhancing interoperability and maritime cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. Key Terms […]

Why in NEWS A recent study found that secondary pollutants, particularly ammonium sulphate (formed from sulphur dioxide and ammonia), contribute nearly one-third of India’s PM2.5 pollution. Notably, over 60% of SO₂ emissions come from coal-fired power plants, but only 8% have installed mandatory Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) systems, underlining poor compliance and rising public health […]

Why in NEWS On 1st July 2025, India celebrated 10 years of the Digital India initiative, which was launched in 2015 to bridge the digital divide and empower citizens through technology. Over the decade, it revolutionized internet access, e-governance, financial inclusion, and infrastructure, placing India among the top three digital economies in the world. Key […]