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Why in NEWS The DRDO and Indian Air Force (IAF) successfully test-fired the indigenously developed Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM) ‘Astra’ equipped with an Indian Radio Frequency (RF) Seeker from a Su-30MKI aircraft over Odisha coast. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation BVRAAM Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile – designed to engage targets beyond […]

Why in NEWS India’s disaster insurance coverage remains limited, increasing financial vulnerability during climate-related disasters. With rising cyclone, flood, and earthquake risks, Catastrophe Bonds (Cat Bonds) are gaining attention as an innovative disaster risk financing tool. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation Bonds Debt instruments where investors lend money to entities for a fixed time […]

Why in NEWS Mizoram faces mounting pressure from a growing refugee influx since the 2021 Myanmar coup. In early 2025, over 4,000 Chin refugees fled to Mizoram, adding to existing populations from Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Manipur—raising humanitarian, legal, and policy concerns. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation Refugee A person fleeing persecution due to race, […]

Why in NEWSIndia’s corporate investment remains sluggish despite significant government incentives. The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) growth fell to a nine-month low of 1.2% in June 2025, raising concerns about economic growth and job creation. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation IIP (Index of Industrial Production) Monthly indicator measuring industrial output trends in manufacturing, […]

Why in News? At the 47th Session of the World Heritage Committee (WHC), India’s official nomination for the 2024–25 cycle, the Maratha Military Landscapes, has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, making it India’s 44th World Heritage Site. This follows the inscription of the Moidams of Charaideo (Assam) in 2024. Key Terms/Concepts Term […]

Why in News? The collapse of the Mahisagar River Bridge in Vadodara, Gujarat, has claimed 20 lives, raising serious concerns about the structural integrity of India’s infrastructure. This incident follows a series of similar bridge collapses across India, exposing recurring systemic failures. Key Terms/Concepts Term Explanation Structural Failure Breakdown of a structure due to design […]

Why in News? The Delhi government has prioritized the Yamuna river clean-up, aligning its efforts with the Namami Gange Programme (NGP). As Yamuna is a major tributary of the Ganga, this integration supports both regional and national goals for rejuvenating polluted rivers in India. Key Terms/Concepts Term Explanation Namami Gange Programme (NGP) A flagship initiative […]

Why in NEWS The Maharashtra government revoked its order mandating Hindi as a compulsory third language from Grades 1 to 5, despite its alignment with NEP 2020. The move was rolled back due to concerns over linguistic identity, cultural imposition, feasibility, and lack of consensus. A committee led by Dr. Narendra Jadhav has been appointed […]

Why in NEWS India’s household savings pattern is changing significantly, with falling savings and rising debt raising alarms about long-term economic stability and capital formation. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation Household Savings Portion of household income not spent, saved in financial or physical assets Net Financial Savings (NFS) Gross financial savings – financial liabilities […]

Why in NEWS A palaeobotanical study by scientists from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP), Lucknow, has revealed that around 4 million years ago, the Kashmir Valley had a warm, humid subtropical climate—unlike its current cool, temperate conditions. Key Concepts & Definitions Term Definition BSIP Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences – premier Indian institute […]