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Why in NEWS The birth anniversary of Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak was observed on 23rd July 2025. Key Terms and Concepts Term Explanation Swarajya Self-rule or complete independence from British rule, championed by Tilak. Extremists vs Moderates Two ideological factions in the Indian National Congress; Extremists like Tilak demanded immediate self-rule. Deccan Education Society Founded […]

Why in NEWS The International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued an advisory opinion declaring that countries can be held legally responsible under international law for failing to act on climate change, reinforcing global calls for climate justice and accountability. Key Terms/Concepts Term Explanation ICJ UN’s top judicial body for settling disputes between states and giving […]

Why in NEWS A joint World Bank–MoHUA report, “Towards Resilient and Prosperous Cities in India”, warns that by 2030, Indian cities will create 70% of new jobs but face severe risks from floods, heatwaves, and poor air, urging urgent climate-resilient reforms and stronger urban autonomy. Key Terms/Concepts Term Explanation Urban Heat Island Cities become hotter […]

Why in NEWS The Indian Prime Minister’s visit to London led to the launch of India–UK Vision 2035 and the formalisation of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), aiming to push bilateral trade beyond USD 100 billion by 2030. Key Terms/Concepts Term Explanation CETA A Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between India and the UK, […]

Why in NEWS The Government of India has initiated the acquisition of Bitra Island, the smallest inhabited island in Lakshadweep, for establishing a defence installation due to its strategic location in the Arabian Sea. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation Bitra Island A tiny inhabited island in Lakshadweep, part of the Aminidivi subgroup. Strategic Location […]

Why in NEWS? An 8-year-old Namibian female cheetah named Nabha, part of Project Cheetah, died due to injuries from a suspected hunting attempt at Kuno National Park, Madhya Pradesh. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation Project Cheetah India’s initiative to reintroduce cheetahs (declared extinct in 1952) for ecological balance. Translocation Moving wild animals from one […]

Why in NEWS India was praised for leading the development of Codex group standards for whole millet grains at the 88th Executive Committee session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) held at FAO headquarters in Rome, July 2025. Key Terms and Concepts Term Explanation Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) A global body created by FAO & […]

Why in NEWS The Union Budget 2025–26 set a target of achieving 100 GW nuclear power capacity by 2047, positioning nuclear energy as central to Viksit Bharat and India’s net-zero emissions goal by 2070. Major reforms are needed to unlock nuclear power’s full potential. Key Terms and Concepts Term Explanation SMRs (Small Modular Reactors) Compact […]

Why in NEWS India has strongly opposed the proposed US Russian Sanctions Act, 2025, which aims to impose 500% tariffs on countries importing Russian oil. The move also follows NATO warnings to India, China, and Brazil to stop buying Russian energy or face 100% secondary sanctions. Key Terms and Concepts Term Explanation Secondary Sanctions Economic […]

Why in NEWS Five earthquakes struck near Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula, a tectonically volatile area. The strongest quake measured 7.4 in magnitude. Key Terms and Concepts Term Explanation Kamchatka Peninsula Located in far eastern Russia, between Sea of Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean. Pacific Ring of Fire A major area in the Pacific Ocean basin known for […]