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Why in NEWS The Union Government has introduced a Single Window System (SWS) to streamline and standardize the appointment process of Director Generals of Police (DGPs)/Heads of Police Force (HoPF) in states. This move aligns with the Supreme Court’s directions in the Prakash Singh vs Union of India (2006) judgment and the Ministry of Home […]

Why in NEWS The Supreme Court has expressed concern over unregulated tourism, reckless infrastructure growth, and ecological degradation in Himachal Pradesh — triggering a broader call for climate-resilient, ecologically sensitive development across the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation Indian Himalayan Region 2500 km mountain belt across 13 states/UTs; supports 50+ […]

Why in NEWS The Tamil Nadu Governor’s recent criticism of the linguistic reorganisation of Indian states has reignited debates on whether language-based state creation promotes unity or fuels division. Key Terms/Concepts Term Explanation Linguistic Reorganisation Redrawing state boundaries based on dominant spoken language. States Reorganisation Act, 1956 Law that reorganised India into 14 states and […]

Why in NEWS The Supreme Court, in Padi Kaushik Reddy v. State of Telangana (2025), criticized the Telangana Assembly Speaker for delaying disqualification of defected MLAs and set a 3-month deadline for a decision, reigniting debate on India’s anti-defection law. Key Terms/Concepts Term Explanation Defection Abandoning one’s political party, often for personal or political gain. […]

Why in NEWS The Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) between India and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) nations (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland) will come into effect on 1st October 2025. Key Terms/Concepts Term Explanation TEPA A Free Trade Agreement between India and EFTA aiming at trade promotion, investments, and job creation. EFTA […]

Why in NEWS Kerala’s rubber plantations face a severe threat from the ambrosia beetle (Euplatypus parallelus) and associated Fusarium fungi, endangering tree health and latex output. Key Term Explanation Ambrosia Beetle A type of bark beetle that bores into trees and introduces fungal pathogens. Fusarium ambrosia / solani Fungi that block xylem vessels, causing wilting, […]

Why in NEWS Key provisions of the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025 have come into force, aiming to modernize India’s banking sector, enhance depositor protection, improve audit transparency, and bring cooperative banks under stricter oversight. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation Substantial Interest A director/officer’s major financial stake in a firm, potentially leading to conflict […]

Why in NEWS The Central Government has formed a high-level committee to address the escalating dispute between Andhra Pradesh and Telangana over the Polavaram–Banakacherla Link Project (PBLP) and broader Krishna–Godavari water-sharing conflicts. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation Polavaram–Banakacherla Link Project (PBLP) A proposed inter-basin transfer project to divert 200 TMC Godavari water to Rayalaseema. […]

Why in NEWS To commemorate 5 years of NEP 2020, the Union Education Minister inaugurated the Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Samagam (ABSS) 2025, showcasing achievements and future priorities for India’s education reforms. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation NEP 2020 India’s overarching education policy reform aimed at quality, equity, and accessibility from preschool to higher education. […]

Why in NEWS A Nature Cities global study found that India has the world’s largest number of slum clusters in flood-prone areas, highlighting growing climate vulnerability and urban risk. Key Terms / Concepts Term Explanation Slum Poor, crowded settlement with inadequate infrastructure, sanitation, and housing. Floodplain Low-lying area adjacent to rivers prone to seasonal or […]